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On sea cows inhabitants of a shore White starving and Arctic ocean hunted near Mezensk coasts and island Vojgach, at New Land and the Murmansk coast, at Spitsbergen and in a mouth of Pechora.
The foreigners visiting Russia in XVI-XVII centuries marked special value so-called « the fish tooth » (i.e. a walrus bone). « The fish tooth and this fish There get is called "morsh"... Englishman CHensler travelling to Russia in 1554 year noticed.
For items tusks of a maxilla of men's individuals of sea cows were used; average weight of such pair of tusks - 3-4 kg, less often - 5 kg, and large - and is more than 9 kg; the length of a tusk did not exceed 1 m., that is equalled to length of a tusk of very large elephant. « Morzovyj tooth », « a walrus tooth », « a bone morsha », "fish - bone", « the fish tooths » and even « bones fish a walrus tooth » such titles defined bone - raw material.
Items from such bone were appreciated very highly - « the fish tooth » was a subject of princely gifts and trade. Foreigners - Englishmen, Dutchs - still in X eyelid marked high art of Russian carvers on a bone and recognized, that works of foremen of Russian North do not concede neither on premeditation, nor on quality of work to products of the European carvers. In itself colour of a bone admired with the beauty when she{it} was treated{processed} with a foreman - the true work of art was received.
Organization testifies to enthusiasm in those days items from a walrus bone in 1674 year "kumpani" on production of a walrus bone also, and hunters should pay the national tax - « the tenth bone ». In middle of XVII eyelid « ohochie sluzhilye people » (state crafters) Seeds Dezhnev and Jury Selivestrov with comrades traded in area of a mouth of Anadyr where in 1656 year have extracted 289 poods « bones of a fish of a walrus tooth ». In 1649 year tsar Alexey Mihajlovich has entered « state monopoly to a bone », and in 1651 year has made out from Kholmogory, about Arkhangelsk where the carving on a bone already prospered, well-known carvers of Sheshenin brothers who become to work in Moscow in the Armory Museum.
The "Fish" and mammoth bone exported to Tsargrad, Persia, Bukhara, etc. However and Russian carvers received an import bone, first of all - ivory. The length of tusks of elephants in XIX eyelid compounded{made} 1-1,5 m (today she, as a rule, does not exceed 60-70 sm). The ivory is strong, elastic, is well saved and in due course turns yellow less, as it is visible on items from an ivory, saved with times of ancient Egypt and Rome. As a material the ivory is very beautiful: on a longitudinal section the structure of her{it} reminds wood, and in cross she has the tissue, not clear expressed netted figure.
The tooth of a cachalot has become to be used for a yield of art items recently. It is connected{linked} to limitation of stores of a so-called noble bone (a tusk of the mammoth or a sea cow) and search of carpentry materials for building art items. However now and the tooth of a cachalot is the scarce goods so licenses for a shooting of whales were sharply reduced. He has a homogeneous structure, beautiful zhyolto-pink tint, an original texture. Do{make} of him{it} basically a tiny sculpture.
A skeleton bone of a whale natural, natural, typically boreal material. It is large, solid, not so beautiful on structure and on I blossom a bone, badly gives in to polish. It is used by Chukchas and eskimos for manufacturing a sculpture.
At a yield of items from a bone use also horns and hoofs various animal, nacre, an ebonite, metal.
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